S.J.Res. 98 · 119th Congress · Senate
A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been authorized by Congress.
Introduced 2025-12-03 · Sponsored by Sen. Kaine, Tim [D-VA] (D-VA) · Last updated 2026-03-31
Last action (2026-01-14): Point of order that the measure is not entitled to expedited procedures under 50 U.S.C. 1546(a) against the measure agreed to in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 50 - 50. Record Vote Number: 9.
Summary
Orders the President to pull U.S. troops out of any military operations in or against Venezuela that Congress never authorized. The resolution invokes the War Powers Act to reassert that the President cannot wage war without a congressional vote. It still allows self-defense against direct attacks.
The Good
Reasserts congressional war powers
The Constitution gives Congress the authority to declare war. This resolution exercises that power by directing the President to end military operations against Venezuela that Congress did not authorize, reasserting the legislative branch's role in military decisions.
Prevents escalation without democratic debate
Military operations can escalate from limited engagements to sustained conflicts without formal authorization. Requiring congressional approval ensures that the public, through their representatives, has a say in whether the country goes to war.
The Bad
Could constrain executive flexibility in a volatile region
The President may need to act quickly in response to threats in Venezuela, including protecting US citizens, countering narcotics trafficking, or responding to regional instability. Requiring prior congressional authorization could slow critical response times.
Signals reduced US commitment in the Western Hemisphere
Publicly directing troop withdrawal may embolden adversarial actors in Venezuela and the region. It could also undermine US diplomatic leverage in negotiations related to migration, energy, and drug interdiction.
Vote Record
Senate, 2026-01-14
Failed Congress.gov — Senate Roll Call #9
Senate vote by state
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Senate, 2026-01-08
Passed Congress.gov — Senate Roll Call #5
Senate vote by state
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